3rd reaserch paper

Julian Chelo, Stefano Archangel 02-14-07
801 ESCI
Antarctica In danger?

When Pangaea began to separate, Antarctica was a part of Gondwanaland, as was Africa Australia and New Zeeland. Antarctica wasn’t always the ice mass it is today about 195 million years ago around the cretaceous era, Antarctica used to be tropical and had a lot more life then it has today, there were also lots of flowers, trees, fern, and other plants that grew commonly in Antarctica (known because many scientists found fossils of such plants on the continent). Over the years as the continent headed south, the temperature slowly dropped, for example, 60 million years ago, Antarctica was about as cold as the U.K is today, 40 million years ago the first ice cap started to form around Antarctica, also around the time the first penguin started to evolve (unfortunately for them). It was not until 25 million years ago that the entire continent became completely covered in ice, right when the first whales started to take form, which is why they are so many in the waters of the continent.
It was imagined by the Greeks (mainly philosophers) that there was some kind of place like Antarctica . (According to their constellations), but it was only a theory no one even knew it existed in those days, it was at that time an imaginary place. The Greeks thought it existed because they believed for the world to have balance there had to be some kind of negative place in the world. the first man to ever lay eyes on Antarctica was Thaddeus Bellingshausen, a Russian explorer/sea captain, he was however, not the first man to set foot on the continent, the first man to do that was an American named john Davis, a captain of a ship of seal hunters (some historians believe he was English, and others believe the explorer was an entirely different person). There are no natives/ residents on the continent, the only people who live there do not live there permanently, they are either tourists, explores, scientists, or are mining for oil, or other minerals found on the convenient like gold, iron, nickel, lead, copper, etc. There never were any native humans that live in Antarctica, there couldn’t have been because homo sapiens began to evolve after Antarctica was covered in tundra, if there were some primates they wouldn’t be able to survive the temperatures that drop way below zero, if their were primates on the continent, they probably died while in the evolution process.

Animals in Antarctica are being affected because the Animals can’t survive for many reasons such as ice mass loss from loss from 2002- 2005. It was recorded by NASA that for the first time Antarctica ’s ice sheets decreased in size. The amount of Ice lost was enough to increase the earth’s sea levels by 1.2 millimeters. The Antarctic ice sheets lost 152 cubic kilometers beetween April 2002, and August 2005. The amount of water melted off the ice plate was the equivalent of how much water Americans use in three months, which is approximately 264 billion gallons of water. The temperatures during the summer reach -5 to -31 and during the winter it reaches a deadly -40 to -94. Even Antarctica is a normal habitat for some animals it is still to cold too survive some animals has to go through this every year. The warmest temperature ever recorded was 59 degrees in January 5 1974, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was -129 degrees, on July 21, 1983.
Ozone is a gas made of oxygen atoms. Usually oxygen atoms hang around in pairs in pairs - this is the sort of oxygen that we breathe and that helps things to burn. Oxygen sometimes however will form a molecule with three oxygen atoms this is what we call ozone:
02(g) - Two oxygen atoms - ordinary common or garden oxygen
03(g) - Three Oxygen Atoms - Ozone
Has a particularly useful characteristic that it can absorb large quantities of ultra-violet (UV) light - more of that soon. Most of the ozone on earth isn’t on earth at all, but in the layer of the earth’s atmosphere called the stratosphere. This is the upper layer of the atmosphere and begins between 12.9 and 19.3 km (8 to 12 miles) above our heads and goes upwards to almost 50 km (30 miles). The Stratosphere has no clouds or other form of weather it’s thinnest at the equator and thickest at the poles.

There are many who are unaware of the dangers that threaten Antarctica, it seams unlikely to people that Antarctica could melt into oblivion, but it could very well happen. There have been past recordings of ice melts where the ice sheets of Antarctica have melted, the melt was so significant that the earth’s sea level actually rose. Over years to come, think what could happen. To show what could happen I (Julian) am going to make a short animated documentary that shows the consequences of what could happen if the ice sheets do significantly decline, an how society will be affected.

Put picture here

Scientists expect to be able to find out if the ozone is harming Antarctica from ice samples from West Antarctic Ice Core, to help better understand the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature. The scientists also expect to learn more about the impact the West Antarctic ice sheets will have on the earth’s possible sea level rise. Finally the scientists will be able to observe, find, and record the influences of southern ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns on its climate. Julian Chelo, Stefano Archangel 02-14-07
801 ESCI
Antarctica In danger?

When Pangaea began to separate, Antarctica was a part of Gondwanaland, as was Africa Australia and New Zeeland. Antarctica wasn’t always the ice mass it is today about 195 million years ago around the cretaceous era, Antarctica used to be tropical and had a lot more life then it has today, there were also lots of flowers, trees, fern, and other plants that grew commonly in Antarctica (known because many scientists found fossils of such plants on the continent). Over the years as the continent headed south, the temperature slowly dropped, for example, 60 million years ago, Antarctica was about as cold as the U.K is today, 40 million years ago the first ice cap started to form around Antarctica, also around the time the first penguin started to evolve (unfortunately for them). It was not until 25 million years ago that the entire continent became completely covered in ice, right when the first whales started to take form, which is why they are so many in the waters of the continent.
It was imagined by the Greeks (mainly philosophers) that there was some kind of place like Antarctica . (According to their constellations), but it was only a theory no one even knew it existed in those days, it was at that time an imaginary place. The Greeks thought it existed because they believed for the world to have balance there had to be some kind of negative place in the world. the first man to ever lay eyes on Antarctica was Thaddeus Bellingshausen, a Russian explorer/sea captain, he was however, not the first man to set foot on the continent, the first man to do that was an American named john Davis, a captain of a ship of seal hunters (some historians believe he was English, and others believe the explorer was an entirely different person). There are no natives/ residents on the continent, the only people who live there do not live there permanently, they are either tourists, explores, scientists, or are mining for oil, or other minerals found on the convenient like gold, iron, nickel, lead, copper, etc. There never were any native humans that live in Antarctica, there couldn’t have been because homo sapiens began to evolve after Antarctica was covered in tundra, if there were some primates they wouldn’t be able to survive the temperatures that drop way below zero, if their were primates on the continent, they probably died while in the evolution process.

Animals in Antarctica are being affected because the Animals can’t survive for many reasons such as ice mass loss from loss from 2002- 2005. It was recorded by NASA that for the first time Antarctica ’s ice sheets decreased in size. The amount of Ice lost was enough to increase the earth’s sea levels by 1.2 millimeters. The Antarctic ice sheets lost 152 cubic kilometers beetween April 2002, and August 2005. The amount of water melted off the ice plate was the equivalent of how much water Americans use in three months, which is approximately 264 billion gallons of water. The temperatures during the summer reach -5 to -31 and during the winter it reaches a deadly -40 to -94. Even Antarctica is a normal habitat for some animals it is still to cold too survive some animals has to go through this every year. The warmest temperature ever recorded was 59 degrees in January 5 1974, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was -129 degrees, on July 21, 1983.
Ozone is a gas made of oxygen atoms. Usually oxygen atoms hang around in pairs in pairs - this is the sort of oxygen that we breathe and that helps things to burn. Oxygen sometimes however will form a molecule with three oxygen atoms this is what we call ozone:
02(g) - Two oxygen atoms - ordinary common or garden oxygen
03(g) - Three Oxygen Atoms - Ozone
Has a particularly useful characteristic that it can absorb large quantities of ultra-violet (UV) light - more of that soon. Most of the ozone on earth isn’t on earth at all, but in the layer of the earth’s atmosphere called the stratosphere. This is the upper layer of the atmosphere and begins between 12.9 and 19.3 km (8 to 12 miles) above our heads and goes upwards to almost 50 km (30 miles). The Stratosphere has no clouds or other form of weather it’s thinnest at the equator and thickest at the poles.

There are many who are unaware of the dangers that threaten Antarctica, it seams unlikely to people that Antarctica could melt into oblivion, but it could very well happen. There have been past recordings of ice melts where the ice sheets of Antarctica have melted, the melt was so significant that the earth’s sea level actually rose. Over years to come, think what could happen. To show what could happen I (Julian) am going to make a short animated documentary that shows the consequences of what could happen if the ice sheets do significantly decline, an how society will be affected.

Put picture here

Scientists expect to be able to find out if the ozone is harming Antarctica from ice samples from West Antarctic Ice Core, to help better understand the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature. The scientists also expect to learn more about the impact the West Antarctic ice sheets will have on the earth’s possible sea level rise. Finally the scientists will be able to observe, find, and record the influences of southern ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns on its climate. Julian Chelo, Stefano Archangel 02-14-07
801 ESCI
Antarctica In danger?

When Pangaea began to separate, Antarctica was a part of Gondwanaland, as was Africa Australia and New Zeeland. Antarctica wasn’t always the ice mass it is today about 195 million years ago around the cretaceous era, Antarctica used to be tropical and had a lot more life then it has today, there were also lots of flowers, trees, fern, and other plants that grew commonly in Antarctica (known because many scientists found fossils of such plants on the continent). Over the years as the continent headed south, the temperature slowly dropped, for example, 60 million years ago, Antarctica was about as cold as the U.K is today, 40 million years ago the first ice cap started to form around Antarctica, also around the time the first penguin started to evolve (unfortunately for them). It was not until 25 million years ago that the entire continent became completely covered in ice, right when the first whales started to take form, which is why they are so many in the waters of the continent.
It was imagined by the Greeks (mainly philosophers) that there was some kind of place like Antarctica . (According to their constellations), but it was only a theory no one even knew it existed in those days, it was at that time an imaginary place. The Greeks thought it existed because they believed for the world to have balance there had to be some kind of negative place in the world. the first man to ever lay eyes on Antarctica was Thaddeus Bellingshausen, a Russian explorer/sea captain, he was however, not the first man to set foot on the continent, the first man to do that was an American named john Davis, a captain of a ship of seal hunters (some historians believe he was English, and others believe the explorer was an entirely different person). There are no natives/ residents on the continent, the only people who live there do not live there permanently, they are either tourists, explores, scientists, or are mining for oil, or other minerals found on the convenient like gold, iron, nickel, lead, copper, etc. There never were any native humans that live in Antarctica, there couldn’t have been because homo sapiens began to evolve after Antarctica was covered in tundra, if there were some primates they wouldn’t be able to survive the temperatures that drop way below zero, if their were primates on the continent, they probably died while in the evolution process.

Animals in Antarctica are being affected because the Animals can’t survive for many reasons such as ice mass loss from loss from 2002- 2005. It was recorded by NASA that for the first time Antarctica ’s ice sheets decreased in size. The amount of Ice lost was enough to increase the earth’s sea levels by 1.2 millimeters. The Antarctic ice sheets lost 152 cubic kilometers beetween April 2002, and August 2005. The amount of water melted off the ice plate was the equivalent of how much water Americans use in three months, which is approximately 264 billion gallons of water. The temperatures during the summer reach -5 to -31 and during the winter it reaches a deadly -40 to -94. Even Antarctica is a normal habitat for some animals it is still to cold too survive some animals has to go through this every year. The warmest temperature ever recorded was 59 degrees in January 5 1974, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was -129 degrees, on July 21, 1983.
Ozone is a gas made of oxygen atoms. Usually oxygen atoms hang around in pairs in pairs - this is the sort of oxygen that we breathe and that helps things to burn. Oxygen sometimes however will form a molecule with three oxygen atoms this is what we call ozone:
02(g) - Two oxygen atoms - ordinary common or garden oxygen
03(g) - Three Oxygen Atoms - Ozone
Has a particularly useful characteristic that it can absorb large quantities of ultra-violet (UV) light - more of that soon. Most of the ozone on earth isn’t on earth at all, but in the layer of the earth’s atmosphere called the stratosphere. This is the upper layer of the atmosphere and begins between 12.9 and 19.3 km (8 to 12 miles) above our heads and goes upwards to almost 50 km (30 miles). The Stratosphere has no clouds or other form of weather it’s thinnest at the equator and thickest at the poles.

There are many who are unaware of the dangers that threaten Antarctica, it seams unlikely to people that Antarctica could melt into oblivion, but it could very well happen. There have been past recordings of ice melts where the ice sheets of Antarctica have melted, the melt was so significant that the earth’s sea level actually rose. Over years to come, think what could happen. To show what could happen I (Julian) am going to make a short animated documentary that shows the consequences of what could happen if the ice sheets do significantly decline, an how society will be affected.

Put picture here

Scientists expect to be able to find out if the ozone is harming Antarctica from ice samples from West Antarctic Ice Core, to help better understand the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature. The scientists also expect to learn more about the impact the West Antarctic ice sheets will have on the earth’s possible sea level rise. Finally the scientists will be able to observe, find, and record the influences of southern ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns on its climate. Julian Chelo, Stefano Archangel 02-14-07
801 ESCI
Antarctica In danger?

When Pangaea began to separate, Antarctica was a part of Gondwanaland, as was Africa Australia and New Zeeland. Antarctica wasn’t always the ice mass it is today about 195 million years ago around the cretaceous era, Antarctica used to be tropical and had a lot more life then it has today, there were also lots of flowers, trees, fern, and other plants that grew commonly in Antarctica (known because many scientists found fossils of such plants on the continent). Over the years as the continent headed south, the temperature slowly dropped, for example, 60 million years ago, Antarctica was about as cold as the U.K is today, 40 million years ago the first ice cap started to form around Antarctica, also around the time the first penguin started to evolve (unfortunately for them). It was not until 25 million years ago that the entire continent became completely covered in ice, right when the first whales started to take form, which is why they are so many in the waters of the continent.
It was imagined by the Greeks (mainly philosophers) that there was some kind of place like Antarctica . (According to their constellations), but it was only a theory no one even knew it existed in those days, it was at that time an imaginary place. The Greeks thought it existed because they believed for the world to have balance there had to be some kind of negative place in the world. the first man to ever lay eyes on Antarctica was Thaddeus Bellingshausen, a Russian explorer/sea captain, he was however, not the first man to set foot on the continent, the first man to do that was an American named john Davis, a captain of a ship of seal hunters (some historians believe he was English, and others believe the explorer was an entirely different person). There are no natives/ residents on the continent, the only people who live there do not live there permanently, they are either tourists, explores, scientists, or are mining for oil, or other minerals found on the convenient like gold, iron, nickel, lead, copper, etc. There never were any native humans that live in Antarctica, there couldn’t have been because homo sapiens began to evolve after Antarctica was covered in tundra, if there were some primates they wouldn’t be able to survive the temperatures that drop way below zero, if their were primates on the continent, they probably died while in the evolution process.

Animals in Antarctica are being affected because the Animals can’t survive for many reasons such as ice mass loss from loss from 2002- 2005. It was recorded by NASA that for the first time Antarctica ’s ice sheets decreased in size. The amount of Ice lost was enough to increase the earth’s sea levels by 1.2 millimeters. The Antarctic ice sheets lost 152 cubic kilometers beetween April 2002, and August 2005. The amount of water melted off the ice plate was the equivalent of how much water Americans use in three months, which is approximately 264 billion gallons of water. The temperatures during the summer reach -5 to -31 and during the winter it reaches a deadly -40 to -94. Even Antarctica is a normal habitat for some animals it is still to cold too survive some animals has to go through this every year. The warmest temperature ever recorded was 59 degrees in January 5 1974, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was -129 degrees, on July 21, 1983.
Ozone is a gas made of oxygen atoms. Usually oxygen atoms hang around in pairs in pairs - this is the sort of oxygen that we breathe and that helps things to burn. Oxygen sometimes however will form a molecule with three oxygen atoms this is what we call ozone:
02(g) - Two oxygen atoms - ordinary common or garden oxygen
03(g) - Three Oxygen Atoms - Ozone
Has a particularly useful characteristic that it can absorb large quantities of ultra-violet (UV) light - more of that soon. Most of the ozone on earth isn’t on earth at all, but in the layer of the earth’s atmosphere called the stratosphere. This is the upper layer of the atmosphere and begins between 12.9 and 19.3 km (8 to 12 miles) above our heads and goes upwards to almost 50 km (30 miles). The Stratosphere has no clouds or other form of weather it’s thinnest at the equator and thickest at the poles.

There are many who are unaware of the dangers that threaten Antarctica, it seams unlikely to people that Antarctica could melt into oblivion, but it could very well happen. There have been past recordings of ice melts where the ice sheets of Antarctica have melted, the melt was so significant that the earth’s sea level actually rose. Over years to come, think what could happen. To show what could happen I (Julian) am going to make a short animated documentary that shows the consequences of what could happen if the ice sheets do significantly decline, an how society will be affected.

Put picture here

Scientists expect to be able to find out if the ozone is harming Antarctica from ice samples from West Antarctic Ice Core, to help better understand the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature. The scientists also expect to learn more about the impact the West Antarctic ice sheets will have on the earth’s possible sea level rise. Finally the scientists will be able to observe, find, and record the influences of southern ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns on its climate. Julian Chelo, Stefano Archangel 02-14-07
801 ESCI
Antarctica In danger?

When Pangaea began to separate, Antarctica was a part of Gondwanaland, as was Africa Australia and New Zeeland. Antarctica wasn’t always the ice mass it is today about 195 million years ago around the cretaceous era, Antarctica used to be tropical and had a lot more life then it has today, there were also lots of flowers, trees, fern, and other plants that grew commonly in Antarctica (known because many scientists found fossils of such plants on the continent). Over the years as the continent headed south, the temperature slowly dropped, for example, 60 million years ago, Antarctica was about as cold as the U.K is today, 40 million years ago the first ice cap started to form around Antarctica, also around the time the first penguin started to evolve (unfortunately for them). It was not until 25 million years ago that the entire continent became completely covered in ice, right when the first whales started to take form, which is why they are so many in the waters of the continent.
It was imagined by the Greeks (mainly philosophers) that there was some kind of place like Antarctica . (According to their constellations), but it was only a theory no one even knew it existed in those days, it was at that time an imaginary place. The Greeks thought it existed because they believed for the world to have balance there had to be some kind of negative place in the world. the first man to ever lay eyes on Antarctica was Thaddeus Bellingshausen, a Russian explorer/sea captain, he was however, not the first man to set foot on the continent, the first man to do that was an American named john Davis, a captain of a ship of seal hunters (some historians believe he was English, and others believe the explorer was an entirely different person). There are no natives/ residents on the continent, the only people who live there do not live there permanently, they are either tourists, explores, scientists, or are mining for oil, or other minerals found on the convenient like gold, iron, nickel, lead, copper, etc. There never were any native humans that live in Antarctica, there couldn’t have been because homo sapiens began to evolve after Antarctica was covered in tundra, if there were some primates they wouldn’t be able to survive the temperatures that drop way below zero, if their were primates on the continent, they probably died while in the evolution process.

Animals in Antarctica are being affected because the Animals can’t survive for many reasons such as ice mass loss from loss from 2002- 2005. It was recorded by NASA that for the first time Antarctica ’s ice sheets decreased in size. The amount of Ice lost was enough to increase the earth’s sea levels by 1.2 millimeters. The Antarctic ice sheets lost 152 cubic kilometers beetween April 2002, and August 2005. The amount of water melted off the ice plate was the equivalent of how much water Americans use in three months, which is approximately 264 billion gallons of water. The temperatures during the summer reach -5 to -31 and during the winter it reaches a deadly -40 to -94. Even Antarctica is a normal habitat for some animals it is still to cold too survive some animals has to go through this every year. The warmest temperature ever recorded was 59 degrees in January 5 1974, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was -129 degrees, on July 21, 1983.
Ozone is a gas made of oxygen atoms. Usually oxygen atoms hang around in pairs in pairs - this is the sort of oxygen that we breathe and that helps things to burn. Oxygen sometimes however will form a molecule with three oxygen atoms this is what we call ozone:
02(g) - Two oxygen atoms - ordinary common or garden oxygen
03(g) - Three Oxygen Atoms - Ozone
Has a particularly useful characteristic that it can absorb large quantities of ultra-violet (UV) light - more of that soon. Most of the ozone on earth isn’t on earth at all, but in the layer of the earth’s atmosphere called the stratosphere. This is the upper layer of the atmosphere and begins between 12.9 and 19.3 km (8 to 12 miles) above our heads and goes upwards to almost 50 km (30 miles). The Stratosphere has no clouds or other form of weather it’s thinnest at the equator and thickest at the poles.

There are many who are unaware of the dangers that threaten Antarctica, it seams unlikely to people that Antarctica could melt into oblivion, but it could very well happen. There have been past recordings of ice melts where the ice sheets of Antarctica have melted, the melt was so significant that the earth’s sea level actually rose. Over years to come, think what could happen. To show what could happen I (Julian) am going to make a short animated documentary that shows the consequences of what could happen if the ice sheets do significantly decline, an how society will be affected.

Scientists expect to be able to find out if the ozone is harming Antarctica from ice samples from West Antarctic Ice Core, to help better understand the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature. The scientists also expect to learn more about the impact the West Antarctic ice sheets will have on the earth’s possible sea level rise. Finally the scientists will be able to observe, find, and record the influences of southern ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns on its climate.